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When, in the words of Victor Serge, it was midnight in the century, or dark times, as Hannah Arendt called the 1930s, Trotsky's texts shone a beam of lucidity while offering a certain optimism (at least a historical optimism, displaced towards the future). Only a very small portion of the world then joined the ranks of Trotskyism, but from all corners of the globe the itinerary and word of the wandering Jew that no State dared to accommodate was followed with expectation. Exiled, persecuted, even besieged, whether taking refuge on a distant island in Turkey or in the Mexico of General Lázaro Cárdenas, Trotsky was capable of launching hundreds of articles and a dozen books in the space of ten years that offered precious keys to understanding the present history. With his internationalist vision,

Trotsky had to face the greatest test that India Email List  can submit to a revolutionary: his disagreement with the results of the revolution. Lenin caught a glimpse of it in the last years of his life, describing the Soviet Union, which he himself had contributed like no other to forging, as a "workers' state with bureaucratic deformations." But he did not manage to live to face them. Trotsky should have picked up the post of the fight against the party bureaucracy and the state bureaucracy.




His theory of bureaucracy, exposed in Where is Russia going? (unfortunately translated as The Revolution Betrayed), is one of the greatest achievements of twentieth century political thought. At the same time, his political defeat at the hands of Stalin is the key to the tragedy of socialism in the 20th century. Because the confrontation between Trotsky and Stalin is not, as is often stated, the mere personal dispute between two leaders for state power, but the expression of two antagonistic ways of understanding social processes.